A 14C chronological study from sediments in lacustrine environments in Brazil was developed to assess climate and environmental changes during the Holocene. In the middle of the great debate concerning late glacial in Amazonia, the Holocene period has been somewhat forgotten. The Amazonian climate during Holocene was probably drier and certainly more variable than the present-day one. Global Circulation Models (GCM) applied to 6000 BP pointed out that lower summer insolation was the reason of lower precipitations at that time. © 2008 American Institute of Physics.